Let's talk about the key points of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation, a major trend in agricultural irrigation
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Release time:
2020-06-22
Water-fertilizer integrated technology utilizes micro-irrigation systems to deliver fertilizers and irrigation water simultaneously, accurately, and in appropriate quantities to the root zone of crops, based on soil moisture and nutrient conditions and crop water and fertilizer requirements. This technology offers significant advantages in water conservation, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, reducing pesticide use, enhancing crop yield and quality, saving irrigation and fertilization time, and improving the soil environment. Israel, in particular, has leveraged this technology to transform itself from a 'desert nation' into an 'agricultural powerhouse', creating world-class agriculture.
To achieve sustainable agricultural development, it is imperative to change development methods and adopt a path of efficient resource utilization. Water-fertilizer integration is an inevitable choice for modern agricultural development. The Guangdong Shanhai Li Nong Seed Industry Research Institute has vigorously promoted the application of water-fertilizer integrated technology in Tuchichi's Twenty Farms, aligning with China's requirements for energy conservation, emission reduction, and ecological civilization construction. The following will elaborate on water-fertilizer integration technology in four aspects: technological advantages, irrigation methods, technical key points, and precautions.
1. Technological Advantages of Water-Fertilizer Integration
1.1 Water Conservation in Irrigation: The continuous advancement of water-fertilizer integrated technology effectively conserves irrigation water in farmland. Irrigation methods employed include drip irrigation, spray irrigation, and seepage irrigation, where irrigation water enters closed pipes for quantitative and precise irrigation, significantly reducing water consumption compared to traditional flood irrigation. Fertilizers are effectively incorporated into the irrigation water, directly supplying nutrients and water to the crops. This irrigation method not only reduces deep percolation and evaporation but also facilitates efficient absorption of nutrients and water by crops, conserving irrigation water. Statistics show that water-fertilizer integrated technology can save more than 35% of irrigation water.
1.2 Effective Fertilizer Savings: In the implementation of the new water-fertilizer integrated technology, water and nutrients are directly supplied to the crop roots, which facilitates absorption and significantly reduces the volatilization and waste of fertilizer nutrients in traditional fertilization, greatly improving fertilizer use efficiency in the field and achieving fertilizer savings. Statistics show that the application of water-fertilizer integrated technology can save more than 20% of fertilizer.
1.3 Reduced Labor: The implementation of the new water-fertilizer integrated technology not only saves fertilizer and irrigation water but also achieves labor savings. Traditional irrigation requires manual fertilization and water flow control, usually requiring two or more people. Water-fertilizer integrated technology saves time and labor for managing and manually spreading fertilizer in traditional irrigation. One person can manage irrigation and fertilization, and the use of intelligent control models such as the Internet of Things allows for automated irrigation and fertilization, achieving labor savings.
1.4 Effective and Precise Fertilization: Using the new water-fertilizer integrated technology for fertilization can achieve effective and scientific fertilization. Based on soil nutrient status and crop nutrient requirements, we can accurately select fertilizer types and quantities and apply fertilizers precisely and purposefully according to different crop nutrient demand periods based on synchronous nutrition technology to achieve precise fertilization.
2. Irrigation Methods for Water-Fertilizer Integrated Technology
The irrigation methods for water-fertilizer integrated technology mainly include three forms: drip irrigation water-fertilizer integration, micro-sprinkler irrigation water-fertilizer integration, and sub-film drip irrigation water-fertilizer integration.
2.1 Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Integration: This method does not damage soil structure, minimizes seepage losses, and achieves water utilization efficiency of over 90%.
2.2 Micro-sprinkler Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Integration: Sprinkler irrigation has long been mature in China. However, because evaporation and drift losses in sprinkler irrigation can reach 42%, and most of the water falling on the plant canopy is wasted, micro-sprinkler technology has emerged.
2.3 Sub-film Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Integrated Technology: Research results show that using sub-film drip irrigation technology, water resource utilization efficiency can reach over 95%, saving 50%~70% of water compared to traditional furrow irrigation, ridge irrigation, and flood irrigation, and about 35%~60% compared to sprinkler irrigation, exhibiting significant water-saving effects.
3. Technical Key Points of Water-Fertilizer Integration
3.1 Selecting a Reasonable Irrigation System
One of the key points of water-fertilizer integrated technology is selecting a reasonable irrigation system. When designing the irrigation system, various factors must be considered, including local topography, soil texture, field size, slope, and water source characteristics. Comprehensive consideration should be given to the depth of the irrigation system, the length of the pipeline layout, and the irrigation area.
3.2 Determining the Appropriate Fertilization System and Fertilization Regime
Determining the fertilization system and fertilization regime in the water-fertilizer integration process is crucial. The fertilization system includes the location and capacity of the water tank, outlet, fertilizer, specific pipes, and related distribution valves. Determining the specific fertilization system and regime should fully consider local geological, soil, and climatic conditions, paying attention to the corrosion resistance and cold resistance of the pipes. Timely and effective maintenance of the fertilization system is essential, with reasonable control of the fertilization system and fertilization regime based on specific conditions.
3.3 Selecting Suitable Fertilizers
In the process of water-fertilizer integrated fertilization, appropriate fertilizers must be selected according to the specific growth conditions of the crops. The fertilizer formula must conform to the crop's nutrient requirements, and the appropriate amount of fertilizer must be controlled. Fertilizers can be solid or liquid but must fully consider several aspects: first, the solubility, dissolution rate, and purity of the fertilizer, particularly for micronutrients; second, good compatibility between fertilizers to prevent precipitation; third, no significant changes to the pH of irrigation water; fourth, minimal corrosion of irrigation equipment; fifth, when self-preparing fertilizers, conventional fertilizers such as urea, potassium chloride, and ammonium nitrate can be chosen, but experiments should be conducted first. If liquid fertilizers such as biogas slurry are chosen, they must be thoroughly filtered to prevent pipe clogging.
3.4 Specific Irrigation and Fertilization Operations
In the specific operation of integrated water and fertilizer application, the fertilizer must first be diluted and mixed evenly. If the fertilizer used is solid, it should be thoroughly mixed with water before application. If there are too many insoluble substances in the fertilizer, filtration is necessary to avoid pipe blockage. Secondly, the amount of fertilizer applied must be strictly controlled. The concentration of the fertilizer solution should be controlled to 0.1% of the total irrigation flow, and the stability of the fertilizer solution flow should be ensured. Excessive fertilizer application may damage crops and pollute the environment. Finally, during the fertilization process, attention should be paid to accurately grasping the fertilization procedure.
4. Precautions for Integrated Water and Fertilizer Application
When using integrated water and fertilizer application, special attention should be paid to the selection of fertilizers. Poor fertilizer selection or inadequate filtration can significantly damage fertilization equipment or parts (such as pistons, screw pumps, check valves, and some switches). A general dilution concentration of 0.5% pure elements is recommended. To fully utilize the effectiveness of water in integrated water and fertilizer application, the fertilizer solution should be diluted rather than concentrated. If the growth of the fertilized plants is poor, it is better to increase the frequency of fertilization rather than increase the concentration in a single application.
In summary, integrated water and fertilizer application technology has advantages such as water conservation, high fertilizer utilization rate, reduced irrigation and fertilization amounts, and significantly improved crop yield and quality.
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