Intelligent Control System for Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management in Farmland
Author:
Release time:
2020-12-07
I. Overview
Water and fertilizer integrated technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. It utilizes a pressure system (or natural topographical drop) to deliver a solution of soluble solid or liquid fertilizers, formulated according to soil nutrient content and crop fertilizer requirements and characteristics, along with irrigation water. This water-fertilizer mixture is delivered through a controllable pipeline system, creating a spray irrigation that is uniform, timely, and precisely metered. It is sprayed onto the crop's growth area, ensuring that the soil in the main growth areas remains loose and at an appropriate moisture content. The system also designs different fertilizer needs for different growth stages based on the fertilizer requirements of different crops, soil conditions, and nutrient content, providing water and nutrients in a timely, quantitative, and proportional manner directly to the crops.
II. Schematic Diagram of the Water-Fertilizer Integrated System
A water-fertilizer integrated system typically includes four parts: water source engineering, headworks, in-field water distribution pipe network system, and irrigation devices. In actual production, due to different water supply conditions and irrigation requirements, the fertilization system may only consist of some of these components.
III. Water-Fertilizer Integrated Machine
The water-fertilizer integrated machine system structure includes: a control cabinet, a touch screen control system, a fertilizer mixing hardware system, and a wireless data acquisition and control system. It supports PC and WeChat access for viewing data and controlling front-end devices. The intelligent irrigation system can help producers easily achieve automated water and fertilizer management. The system consists of an upper computer software system, a regional control cabinet, a branch controller, a transducer, and a data acquisition terminal. By organically combining with the water supply system, intelligent control is realized. It can intelligently monitor and control irrigation parameters such as water supply time, fertilization concentration, and water supply volume. Transducers (soil moisture transducers, flow transducers, etc.) monitor the irrigation status in real-time. When the soil moisture in the irrigation area reaches the preset lower limit, the solenoid valve automatically opens; when the monitored soil moisture content and water level reach the preset irrigation quota, the solenoid valve system automatically closes. The system can schedule the rotational operation of the solenoid valves in the entire irrigation area according to time periods, and manually control irrigation and soil moisture data acquisition. The entire system can coordinate its work to implement rotational irrigation, fully improving irrigation water efficiency, saving water and electricity, reducing labor intensity, and lowering labor costs.
IV. Fertilization System
The water-fertilizer integrated fertilization system consists of two parts: an irrigation system and a fertilizer solution mixing system. The irrigation system mainly consists of an irrigation pump, pressure regulating valve, controller, filter, field irrigation pipeline network, and irrigation solenoid valve. The fertilizer solution mixing system consists of a controller, fertilizer tank, fertilizer applicator, solenoid valve, sensor, mixing tank, and mixing pump.
4.1: Water Distribution Pipeline System
It consists of main pipes, branch pipes, and capillaries. Main pipes generally use PVC pipes, branch pipes generally use PE or PVC pipes, and pipe diameters are configured according to flow rate. Capillaries currently mostly use embedded drip irrigation tapes or edge-slot labyrinth drip irrigation tapes; headworks and large-diameter valves mostly use iron components. A gate valve is installed at the inlet of the main pipe or sub-main pipe, and ball valves are installed at the inlets of branch pipes and auxiliary pipes.
The function of the water distribution pipeline network is to transport the treated water from the headworks to the irrigation units and irrigation devices as required. The capillary is the last level of pipe in the micro-irrigation system. In drip irrigation systems, it is the drip irrigation pipe, while in micro-spray irrigation systems, micro-spray heads are installed on the capillary.
4.2: Environmental Data Acquisition Device
The environmental data acquisition device consists of three parts: a low-power meteorological sensor, a low-power meteorological data acquisition controller, and computer meteorological software. It can simultaneously monitor numerous meteorological elements such as atmospheric temperature, atmospheric humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, radiation, and illuminance. It features high precision and reliability, and can perform functions such as timed meteorological data acquisition, real-time time display, timed meteorological data storage, timed meteorological data reporting, and parameter setting.
4.3: Wireless Valve Controller
The valve controller is a downstream device that receives commands from the field workstation and executes them. It directly connects to the solenoid valves in the pipeline network. After receiving instructions from the field workstation, it controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valves. It can also collect field information and upload it to the field workstation. One valve controller can control multiple solenoid valves.
The solenoid valve is the valve that controls irrigation in the field. The installation location and number of solenoid valves are determined by the division of the irrigation scheduling groups in the field water-saving irrigation design.
Wireless Valve Controller
4.4: Irrigation Device System
Micro-irrigation has a small irrigation flow rate, a longer single irrigation duration, short irrigation cycles, and requires lower operating pressure. It can control the irrigation volume more precisely, delivering water and nutrients directly to the soil near the crop roots.
Irrigation Device System
V. System Functions
5.1: Water Consumption Control Management
It achieves two-level water metering: outlet flow monitoring serves as the total water consumption metering for the region, and data collected by pressure sensors on each branch pipe are used to calculate the irrigation water volume for each branch pipe in real-time. This is combined with automatic valve control to achieve water consumption statistics for each valve control unit. At the same time, the water pump incorporates flow control. When the total water consumption is exceeded, the regional water use is restricted via remote control.
Water Consumption Control Management
5.2: Real-time Monitoring of Operating Status
Water level and video monitoring provide real-time monitoring of the drip irrigation system's water source conditions, enabling timely water shortage warnings.
Monitoring the water pump current and voltage, outlet pressure and flow, and branch pipe flow and pressure enables the timely detection of unreasonable irrigation events such as pipe bursts, leaks, and low-pressure operation in the drip irrigation system, providing timely notification to system maintenance personnel and ensuring high efficiency.
Real-time Monitoring of Operating Status
5.3: Automatic Valve Control Function
Through real-time monitoring of soil moisture information, microclimate information, and crop growth information in farmland, using wireless or wired technology, remote control and timed irrigation of valves are achieved. Based on the collected information, combined with the local crop's water demand and irrigation rotation situation, automatic opening of water pumps and valves is implemented, achieving unattended automatic irrigation, segmented control, and preventing manual misoperation.
Automatic Valve Control Function
Automatic Valve Control Function
5.4: PC Display Platform
Through the Internet of Things water and fertilizer integrated intelligent monitoring platform, it can provide users with sensor data, remote image acquisition, transmission, storage, processing, and alarm information sending services. This platform provides users with a convenient, economical, and effective remote monitoring overall solution in a centralized and partitioned manner. Through the Internet of Things intelligent monitoring platform, users can monitor, manage, view, and receive alarm information for monitoring targets regardless of time or location.
PC Display Platform and Mobile Terminal APP
PC Display Platform and Mobile Terminal APP
5.5: Mobile Terminal
Establish a mobile phone system, customers can directly use the WeChat client to control and view real-time data. The mobile terminal has the functions of manually starting and shutting down solenoid valves and water pumps.
Mobile Terminal
5.6: Operation and Maintenance Management Function
Includes system maintenance, status monitoring, and on-site management of system operation; remote decision-making management of functions such as regional water consumption metering management, drought and irrigation forecasting expert decision-making, and News; and statistical and cost accounting of water use, power consumption, irrigation volume, maintenance, and material consumption, generating regular maintenance plans for irrigation facilities and equipment, recording maintenance situations, and realizing refined maintenance and operation management of irrigation projects.
The water-saving irrigation automation control system can give full play to the role of existing water-saving equipment, optimize scheduling, and improve efficiency. Through the application of automatic control technology, it is more water-saving and energy-saving, reduces irrigation costs, improves irrigation quality, makes irrigation more scientific and convenient, and improves management level.
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