Integrated water and fertilizer irrigation principle, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation integrated water and fertilizer application
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Release time:
2020-05-06
Water-fertilizer integrated technology is a comprehensive water and fertilizer management measure in modern agricultural production, with significant advantages in water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, high quality, high efficiency, and environmental protection. Water-fertilizer integration is a new irrigation method that combines irrigation and fertilization. The fertilizer itself will not flow through the pipeline and must be dissolved in water to flow through the pipeline, which is easy to distinguish from traditional fertilization. According to the specific irrigation form, it can also be called "drip irrigation fertilization", "sprinkler irrigation fertilization", etc. I. Theoretical basis of water-fertilizer integrated irrigation The transpiration of plants and ground evaporation cause crops and soil to lose a lot of water, so to ensure the normal growth of crops, a continuous supply of water is necessary.
Water-fertilizer integrated technology is a comprehensive water and fertilizer management measure in modern agricultural production, with significant advantages in water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, high quality, high efficiency, and environmental protection. Water-fertilizer integration is a new irrigation method that combines irrigation and fertilization. Fertilizers themselves cannot flow through the pipes and must be dissolved in water to flow through the pipes, which is easily distinguished from traditional fertilization. According to the specific irrigation form, it can also be called "drip irrigation fertilization", "sprinkler irrigation fertilization", etc.
I. Theoretical Basis of Water-Fertilizer Integrated Irrigation
Plant transpiration and ground evaporation cause crops and soil to lose a lot of water, so to ensure normal crop growth, soil moisture must be continuously replenished. A large number of nutrient elements are absorbed through the root system, and foliar fertilization can only play a supplementary role. The absorption of soil fertilizer usually involves three processes:
1. Diffusion
After the fertilizer is dissolved and enters the soil solution, the nutrients near the root surface are absorbed, the concentration decreases, and the concentration of the soil solution far from the root surface is relatively high, resulting in diffusion, and the nutrients move toward the root surface with low concentration, and finally absorbed by the root system.
2. Mass flow
When there is sunlight, the stomata of the leaves open and transpiration occurs, leading to water loss. The root system must continuously absorb water for the leaves to complete transpiration. The water near the root system is absorbed, and the distant water will flow to the root surface, and the nutrients dissolved in the water will also reach the root surface, and then be absorbed by the root system.
3. Interception
That is, nutrients are right on the root surface and are absorbed. Diffusion and mass flow are the most important processes for nutrients to migrate to the root surface. Both processes depend on water as a medium. Therefore, fertilizers must be dissolved in water to be absorbed. In practice, irrigation and fertilization must be carried out simultaneously (or called water-fertilizer integration), and fertilizer utilization rate is greatly improved.
II. Two Methods of Irrigation and Fertilization
From the perspective of controlling fertilizer concentration, fertilization through an irrigation system can be carried out in the following two ways.
1. Fertilization by quantity
When fertilizing, only the total amount of fertilizer applied each time is considered. In the fertilization process, as the fertilization time increases, the concentration of fertilizer carried away by the irrigation water becomes lower and lower, and finally tends to zero. Traditional fertilizer measures are fertilization by quantity.
2. Fertilization by proportion (fixed concentration fertilization)
When fertilizing, both the amount of fertilizer and the fertilizer concentration are considered, and it is required that the nutrient concentration during fertilization is uniform.
III. Selection of Fertilization Methods
The selection of these two fertilization methods mainly depends on the type of crop, the root growth medium, and the fertilization cost. Generally speaking, the equipment cost of fertilization by quantity is lower than that of fertilization by proportion. Field-grown crops generally use fertilization by quantity, while greenhouse-grown vegetables, flowers, etc. generally use fertilization by proportion. Because greenhouse cultivation mostly uses loose and breathable substrates such as sand, peat, and rock wool. Although these substrates have good water retention and aeration properties, their adsorption and buffering capacity for nutrients is low. Supplying the root system with a constant and suitable nutrient concentration can prevent the root system from being damaged by high-concentration nutrients.
IV. Fertilization Equipment
Fertilization equipment mainly includes fertilizer tanks, Venturi fertilizer applicators, proportional fertilizer applicators, portable fertilizer machines, etc.
Fuzhou Yong Run Irrigation Equipment Co., Ltd. has been engaged in the production and sales of water-saving irrigation products. From design to construction, we can provide you with full-process services to solve your design troubles and construction problems. The company provides water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology, imported water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation equipment, Israeli water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation equipment, water-fertilizer drip irrigation equipment, orchard water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation equipment, water-fertilizer integrated sprinkler irrigation, smart agriculture water-fertilizer integrated irrigation, water-fertilizer integrated micro-drip irrigation, and orchard water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation equipment.
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