To achieve integrated water and fertilizer management, the following points are essential

First, a drip irrigation system must be established. The design should consider factors such as terrain, unit, plot, soil texture, crop planting methods, and water source characteristics to determine the pipeline's burial depth, length, and irrigation area. Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation methods can include pipe irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, pump-pressurized drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, seepage irrigation, and small pipe outflow. It is crucial to avoid flood irrigation, which easily leads to nitrogen loss and reduces water use efficiency.

Second, a fertilization system. The field design should include quantitative fertilization, considering the placement of the water tank and fertilizer mixing tank, the location of distribution valves, outlets, fertilizer pipelines, capacity, and water and fertilizer pumps.

Third, select appropriate fertilizer types. Liquid or solid fertilizers can be chosen, such as ammonia water, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate; solid fertilizers should be powdered or small pieces, highly water-soluble, with low impurities. Granular compound fertilizers (including domestic and foreign products) should generally not be used. If using biogas slurry or humic acid liquid fertilizer, it must be filtered to prevent pipeline blockage.

The following points should be noted when using drip irrigation for fertilization:

1. Install filters. The water source must be filtered. This is key to the normal operation of the drip irrigation system. Filters should be cleaned regularly; the drip irrigation pipe ends should be opened for flushing regularly, typically once a month.

2. Before fertilizing, open the valves for the area to be fertilized for drip irrigation. Then dissolve the fertilizer in the fertilizer tank. Start fertilizing approximately 20 minutes after drip irrigation begins. The fertilization time for each area is approximately 30-60 minutes, adjusting the fertilization speed and time via valves.

3. After fertilization, do not immediately close the drip irrigation; allow sufficient time to flush the pipeline to prevent system clogging. Flushing time depends on the size of the irrigation area. Drip irrigation is generally flushed for 15-30 minutes to completely remove the fertilizer solution from the pipes. Otherwise, algae, moss, and microorganisms will proliferate and clog the emitters.

4. Use easily soluble fertilizers. Fertilizers with high nutrient content, good solubility, and convenient application are ideal for drip irrigation systems.

5. Adjust the amount of fertilizer appropriately. For users who are new to drip irrigation, adjust the amount of fertilizer based on previous years' application, using a "small and frequent" method.

6. Regularly inspect the drip irrigation fertilizer system in the field for leaks, blockages, broken pipes, cracks, etc. Perform timely maintenance if any issues are found.