Advantages and Current Status of Water-Saving Irrigation Technology in the Floriculture Industry
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Release time:
2020-03-23
With the current water shortage, water-saving irrigation is a global focus. Years ago, experts proposed the slogan of "water-saving gardens," suggesting the use of modern water-saving irrigation to replace traditional methods such as water pipe irrigation, water pipe spraying, and manual spraying.
nbsp_tag nbsp_tag nbsp_tag nbsp_tag The advantages of water-saving irrigation are:
(1) Water saving. Currently, most flower enterprises still use manual water pipe irrigation, which is not only uneven but also leads to a large amount of water waste. If plug-in, drip irrigation, and small-pipe outflow methods are used, the irrigation uniformity can be improved, saving 50-70% of water compared to manual irrigation.
(2) Labor saving. Labor can be saved by up to 90% or more. Nowadays, labor costs are rising, and it is difficult to hire workers. If water-saving irrigation is used, it can maximize labor savings and improve labor efficiency. If combined with automatic controllers or programmable logic controllers and inverters, manpower input can be greatly reduced.
(3) Changeable planting structure. Rooftop greening and three-dimensional flower beds are increasingly used in practice, no longer limited to the ground surface. As early as 1993, Beijing had begun to promote three-dimensional greening using a combination of micro-irrigation and drip irrigation, with remarkable results.
(4) Integrated water and fertilizer management. Water-fertilizer coupling is a current hot spot in irrigation. At the same time as watering, fertilizers and pesticides are applied according to the needs of different growth stages of flowers.
(5) Improved micro-environment. For flowers that do not tolerate high humidity, drip irrigation can be used; for flowers that like high humidity, micro-spraying can be used; spray irrigation can also have a cooling effect, improving the local micro-environment of the plants. nbsp_tag nbsp_tag
Gravel filter
nbsp_tag nbsp_tag nbsp_tag nbsp_tag Current problems in the application of water-saving irrigation technology in flower enterprises include the following aspects.
(1) Insufficient understanding of irrigation products. Water-saving irrigation requires some initial investment and subsequent maintenance, which presents an obstacle to flower enterprises. For example, the flow path of a dripper is very fine and requires high water quality, so a filtration system needs to be used during construction. In fact, as long as the design is appropriate, the investment in the filtration system will not be very high, and timely maintenance can extend the service life of the filtration system, which can fully compensate for the labor and water costs of non-water-saving irrigation methods. It is said that the self-pressure drip irrigation system requires an investment of about 2000 yuan/mu, the micro-spray irrigation system requires an investment of about 1000 yuan/mu, and the manual point irrigation system only requires an investment of about 300 yuan/mu. The cost is not very high, but the later benefits are great.
(2) The irrigation system and water management are not well combined with the characteristics of the cultivated crops. Flower enterprises cultivate a variety of flower species, and the irrigation system should be formulated according to the water and fertilizer requirements of different plants at different growth stages. Simply pursuing water saving is not scientific. For example, in Guangzhou, the flower varieties using drip irrigation equipment in potted flowers are mainly products with higher commercial value and longer production cycles; usually including poinsettia, anthurium, pineapple, pitcher plant, Phalaenopsis, and Chinese orchids. These flowers have a growth cycle of 5-10 months, or even longer, and require daily irrigation of 1-3 times during the growth cycle. If water-saving irrigation is used, labor is saved, the quality and uniformity of flowers are improved, and economic benefits are increased.
For potted flowers with shorter production cycles, such as impatiens, cockscomb, and chrysanthemum, these flowers have low commercial value, and the production management is relatively extensive. If drip irrigation equipment is used, it is easy to cause high production input and low output. Frequent installation and removal of drip irrigation parts will damage the equipment, affect the normal operation of the equipment, and shorten its service life; therefore, potted flowers with short production cycles rarely use drip irrigation equipment. For example, in a flower base in Shunyi District, Beijing, most of the plants are annuals and perennials, all planted in separate pots. The amount of work for installing drip irrigation is large, and the pots cannot be repotted. Micro-spray irrigation is not wind-resistant, and the flow rate of buried sprinklers is too large, which is ineffective and wastes water, so micro-spray irrigation, drip irrigation, or buried sprinklers are not suitable.
(3) The application of multi-disciplines requires multi-faceted talents, and flower enterprises are lacking in talent reserves, especially in water-saving irrigation. The application of automatic control irrigation equipment requires specialized personnel to manage.
Irrigation equipment manufacturing and construction enterprises also have some shortcomings. First, the quality of domestic irrigation products needs to be further improved, and more innovative talents and research institutions need to be involved in product research and development based on China's market demand to establish their own Brand. Later, strengthen product quality supervision system to ensure that products meet relevant requirements before leaving the factory. Improve Customer Service, teach customers how to correctly use and maintain products and equipment. Construction enterprises should adapt to the times, match different irrigation equipment with different flower varieties, and establish a long-term information exchange mechanism with irrigation equipment manufacturers to promptly feed back the problems encountered during construction to the manufacturers. Manufacturers should update product performance and parameters according to actual needs to meet market demand.
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