Intelligent water and fertilizer integrated fertilization technology for greenhouse irrigation
Author:
Release time:
2020-12-28
Common drip irrigation fertilization systems include:
1. Venturi Fertilizers
The most convenient, practical, economical and reliable fertilization device. The fertilizer tank does not need to be sealed; a plastic bucket can be purchased. Suitable for all crops without strict requirements for fertilizer proportions. Most suitable for a large number of individual farmers to transform traditional irrigation systems into water-fertilizer integrated systems.
2. Fertilizer Tank
A traditional fertilization device with ingrained habits. Its function is similar to that of a Venturi fertilizer, but after the stored fertilizer solution is used up, it needs to be re-dissolved and the lid needs to be opened and refilled. The fertilization ratio is also not adjustable, and iron fertilizer tanks are prone to rust.
3. Fertilizer Injection Pump:
The fertilization ratio is precisely controllable, suitable for all crops with strict requirements for fertilization ratio, stable and reliable, but with a large one-time investment
4. Fertilizer Machine:
An integrated control device that can not only precisely control the fertilizer ratio, but also edit and execute irrigation programs, and can also achieve intelligent control in combination with weather stations and sensors. Suitable for large-scale, high-standard precision agriculture planting. Greenhouse irrigation and fertilization methods
With the continuous improvement of greenhouse production techniques, many new techniques and facilities have been widely used in greenhouse production, bringing obvious economic and social benefits to producers. Soft tube drip irrigation is a water-saving and yield-increasing irrigation technique developed specifically for greenhouse production. It belongs to local irrigation, making the ground locally moist, without waterlogging and less water evaporation. It uses double-upper-hole drip irrigation tapes, directly laid on the crop ridges for watering, which can provide a good environment for the growth of crops in the greenhouse. In order to cooperate with the development of this technique, the new technique of upper-hole soft tube drip irrigation in greenhouses is introduced as follows.
I. Watering Methods
Drip irrigation is the process of dripping water drop by drop evenly and slowly into the soil near the plant root zone through emitters installed on the capillary tubes. With the help of the capillary force of the soil, the water infiltrates and diffuses in the soil, supplying the plant roots for absorption and utilization. The soil moisture is always in a non-saturated state, making the soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial to plant growth. The principle of using soft tube drip irrigation for watering is to water frequently and in small amounts, with a single watering amount of 7-15 cubic meters per mu. The specific methods are as follows.
1. When irrigating with clear water, first open the suction tube on the fertilizer applicator, then open the water pipe valve to the maximum, and then connect the pressurized water source to start irrigation.
2. When applying fertilizer water, open the valve, open the switch of the fertilizer applicator suction tube, fix the filter at the bottom of the fertilizer solution tank, and connect the water source to start fertilization. After fertilization, open the switch on the suction tube and open the valve to continue irrigation to flush out the remaining fertilizer in the pipe.
II. Advantages
1. Water saving. Using soft tube drip irrigation technology can save about 70% of water, saving more than 500 cubic meters of water per 667 square meters per year.
2. Improve fertilizer efficiency. With the fertilizer applied with drip irrigation, it is concentrated at the roots of the crops, easy to be absorbed by the crops, improving fertilizer utilization rate and reducing costs.
3. Maintain a good soil environment. The soil of drip irrigation is relatively loose, and the irrigation uniformity is as high as 80%-90%, the surface is not compacted, and the soil aggregate structure is not damaged, which is beneficial to crop growth.
4. Improve the greenhouse temperature. Drip irrigation is 1-2℃ higher than furrow irrigation in daily average soil temperature, which is very beneficial to crop growth.
5. Reduce diseases. Drip irrigation has a small amount of water, less soil water evaporation, reduces greenhouse air humidity, and reduces and delays disease damage.
6. Convenient management, labor-saving and time-saving, easy to achieve automation.
7. Strong anti-clogging performance and reliable operation. Double-upper-hole drip irrigation tapes have good anti-clogging performance, so the water quality requirements are relatively low. The viscosity of impurities in the water does not exceed 0.8 mg, and filtering equipment can be omitted without clogging.
III. Matters Needing Attention
1. Reasonable arrangement. Install the drip irrigation system to ensure that the control area of each section of the main pipe does not exceed 333 square meters, and at the same time, the ground in contact with each soft pipe is flat to ensure smooth water flow.
2. The holes in the drip irrigation tape are usually laid upwards and covered with mulch. If mulch is not used, the holes in the drip irrigation tape can be laid downwards.
3. Use clean water sources, especially those without suspended solids larger than 0.860. Otherwise, a mesh filter should be added to purify the water quality. Tap water and clean well water usually do not need to be filtered.
4. During installation and field operation, be careful not to scratch or puncture the drip irrigation tape or main pipe.
5. After fertilization, continue to irrigate with clear water for a period of time to prevent the accumulation of chemicals from clogging the holes.
6. To prevent the accumulation of sand and other impurities in the pipe causing blockage, open the tail ends of the drip irrigation tape and main pipe one by one to increase the flow rate and flush.
7. When changing crops, remove and store properly in a cool place.
Irrigation is a frequent watering method, especially in solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, because the number of waterings during the entire growth period of crops is more than that of conventional ground irrigation. It is worth noting that the number of drip irrigations in greenhouses cannot be calculated based on cycles. The actual irrigation cycle is affected by external weather conditions. In case of rain and snow and continuous cloudy days, in order to control the humidity in the greenhouse, the irrigation cycle is often extended and the number of irrigations is reduced. The number of irrigations should be determined according to the actual situation.
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